This was fewer than the 60,000 parishes that existed before the revolution (in cities and towns, parishes were merged into one single commune; in the countryside, some very small parishes were merged with bigger ones), but 41,000 was still a considerable number, without any comparison in the world at the time, except in the empire of China (but there, only county level and above had any permanent administration). In Italy, the median area of communes (comuni) is 22 km2 (8.5 sq mi); in Belgium it is 40 km2 (15 sq mi); in Spain it is 35 km2 (14 sq mi); and in Germany, the majority of Länder have communes (Gemeinden) with a median area above 15 km2 (5.8 sq mi). In Toulouse, on top of there being six intercommunal structures, the main community of Toulouse and its suburbs is only a community of agglomeration, although Toulouse is large enough to create an Urban Community according to the law. [citation needed]. [2][3] This is a considerably higher total than that of any other European country, because French communes still largely reflect the division of France into villages or parishes at the time of the French Revolution. Following that event, a "commune" of Paris was immediately set up to replace the old medieval chartered city of Paris, and a municipal guard was established to protect Paris against any attempt made by King Louis XVI to quell the ongoing revolution. The communes are the fourth-level administrative divisions of France. There are only a few exceptions: Furthermore, two regions without permanent habitation have no communes: In metropolitan France, the average area of a commune in 2004 was 14.88 square kilometres (5.75 sq mi). This meant that Paris had less autonomy than the smallest village. (1) Within the current limits of metropolitan France, which existed between 1860 and 1871 and from 1919 to today. Type de commune Tous 1 - Commune actuelle 2 - Commune associée 3 - Commune périmée 4 - Chg de département 5 - Arrondt municipal 6 - Commune déléguée 9 - Fraction cantonale Région Les 42 communes de Roissy Pays de France représentent 352 112 habitants sur 342 km². Elle constitue l'échelon de base des divisions administratives du territoire français. Those without fiscal power, the loosest form of intercommunality. The median area is a better measure of the area of a typical French commune. All publications Statistics Explained; About us. On 14 December 1789, the National Assembly (Assemblée Nationale) passed a law creating the commune, designed to be the lowest level of administrative division in France, thus endorsing these independently created communes, but also creating communes of its own. There have long been calls in France for a massive merger of communes, including by such distinguished voices as the president of the Cour des Comptes (the central auditing administrative body in France). The United Kingdom has no exact equivalent, as communes resemble districts in urban areas, but are closer to parishes in rural areas where UK districts are much larger. All are found in the département of Meuse, and were destroyed during the Battle of Verdun in 1916. French kings often prided themselves on ruling over a "realm of 100,000 steeples". In all other French communes, the municipal police are under the mayor's supervision. Despite enormous differences in population, each of the communes of the French Republic possess a mayor (maire) and a municipal council (conseil municipal), which jointly manage the commune from the municipal hall (mairie), with exactly the same powers no matter the size of the commune. Structures with fiscal power. Sujet et définition de mots fléchés et mots croisés ⇒ COMMUNE DE FRANCE sur motscroisés.fr toutes les solutions pour l'énigme COMMUNE DE FRANCE. Mergers, however, are not easy to achieve. Six of the French villages destroyed in the First World War have never been rebuilt. La France est le pays qui comprend le plus grand nombre de communes par rapport à ses amis europeens (allemagne avec un peu plus 11000 ,espagne et italie 8000) La superficie n'entre pas en compte lors de la création d'une commune. Le gentilé est le nom donné aux habitants d'une commune. Beaucoup de gentilés sont formés en ajoutant au nom de la commune, les suffixes « ais », « ois », « iens » ou « ains ». Annuaire des communes de France. In many places, the local feudal lord (seigneur) still had a major influence in the village's affairs, collecting taxes from tenant-villagers and ordering them to work the corvée, controlling which fields were to be used and when, and how much of the harvest should be given to him. Communes vary widely in size and area, from large sprawling cities with millions of inhabitants like Paris, to small hamlets with only a handful of inhabitants. Base de données des communes 2020 des départements de France. A communal house had to be built in each of these villages, which would house the meetings of the municipal council as well as the administration of the commune. Vous désirez vous inscrire, avoir des informations supplémentaires ou insérer un de nos logos sur vos pages, alors cliquez la rubrique concernée ! P remière séquence :. French communes were created at the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789–1790. The two communes in the French Republic with the longest names (38 letters): Three digits (department or collectivity) and two digits (commune) for the, This page was last edited on 4 December 2020, at 15:26. The Jacobin revolutionaries were afraid of independent local powers, which they saw as conservative and opposed to the revolution, and so they favored a powerful central state. In rural areas, many communes have entered a community of communes only to benefit from government funds. Il y a environ 36.000 communes au total à travers le pays. (2) Within the current extent of overseas France, which has remained unchanged since the independence of the New Hebrides in 1980. Ce jeu de données est historisé : la date de validité de chaque enregistrement est indiquée dans le champ "Année". It represents all parts of a town or a village under the same name, for example Paris, Bordeaux or Rennes. [7] In comparison, the number of communes in Alsace was only reduced from 945 in 1971[8][9] (just before the Marcellin law aimed at encouraging French communes to merge with each other was passed, see Current debate section below) to 904 in January 2007. All communes have names, but not all named geographic areas or groups of people residing together are communes ("lieu dit" or "bourg"), the difference residing in the lack of administrative powers. European France excluding, The commune of the French Republic with the shortest name is the commune of. The commune is the lowest administrative division in France. Certaines villes de France ont des noms absurdes, drôles ou insolites. Moreover, citizens from one village may be unwilling to have their local services run by an executive located in another village, whom they may consider unaware of or inattentive to their local needs. [citation needed], In urban areas, the new intercommunal structures are much more a reality, being created by local decision-makers out of genuine belief in the worth of working together. The median population given here should not hide the fact that there are pronounced differences in size between French communes. Civil marriages were established and started to be performed in the mairie with a ceremony not unlike the traditional one, with the mayor replacing the priest, and the name of the law replacing the name of God ("Au nom de la loi, je vous déclare unis par les liens du mariage." This is still the case today. The median area of metropolitan France's communes at the 1999 census was even smaller, at 10.73 square kilometres (4.14 sq mi). Amiens avec ses 136 754 habitants est le chef-lieu du département. Switzerland and the Länder of Rhineland-Palatinate, Schleswig-Holstein, and Thuringia in Germany were the only places in Europe where the communes had a smaller median area than in France. Paris in fact was one of the very few communes of France whose limits were extended to take into account the expansion of the urbanized area. Communes de France Recherchez une ville par département : 01 Ain; 02 Aisne; 03 Allier; 04 Alpes-de-Haute-Provence; 05 Hautes-Alpes; 06 Alpes-Maritimes Il est également agent de l'État pour les fonctions d'état civil, d'ordre public, d'organisation des élections et de délivrance de titres réglementaires. So far, however, local conservatism has been strong, and no mandatory merging proposal ever has made it past committee in the French Parliament. La croissance plus rapide de ces communes dans la périphérie des principales villes témoigne de la poursuite de l’étalement urbain. This is unlike some other countries, such as the United States, where unincorporated areas directly governed by a county or a higher authority can be found. Les finances des communes en 2018 Comptes individuels des communes à partir de 2000 2019. During the revolution, approximately 41,000 communes were created,[12] on territory corresponding to the limits of modern-day France (the 41,000 figure includes the communes of the departments of Savoie, Haute-Savoie and Alpes-Maritimes which were annexed in 1795, but does not include the departments of modern-day Belgium and Germany west of the Rhine, which were part of France between 1795 and 1815). – "In the name of the law, I declare you united by the bonds of marriage."). The most extreme example of this is Paris, where the urbanized area sprawls over 396 communes. [citation needed], One major often raised problem with intercommunality, is the fact that the intercommunal structures are not subject to directly election by the people, so it is the representatives of each individual commune that sit in the new structure. gps.over-blog.com a vu le jour à la suite d’un pari un peu farfelu : photographier les panneaux d’entrée de toutes les communes de France. Aide mots fléchés et mots croisés. In 1971 the Marcellin law offered support and money from the government to entice the communes to merge freely with each other, but the law had only a limited effect (only about 1,300 communes agreed to merge with others). Les trois plus importantes communes, Paris, Lyon et Marseille, ont un statut particulier vis… Toutes les informations pratiques de vos communes partout en France.. Vous cherchez les coordonnées de la mairie de Tarsac ou alors de la préfecture du département Vosges? Therefore, when they created the communes, they deprived them of any legal "personality" (as they did with the départements), with only the central state having legal "personality." France was the most populous country in Europe at this time, with a population of approximately 25 million inhabitants in the late 18th century (England in contrast had only 6 million inhabitants), which accounts for the large number of parishes. Chef-lieu d'arrondissement. A commune is the smallest and oldest administrative division in France. These cities were made up of several parishes (up to ca. French communes are analogous to civil townships and incorporated municipalities in the United States and Canada, Gemeinden in Germany, comuni in Italy or municipio in Spain. As a consequence, civil servants and bureaucrats are the ones setting up the agenda and implementing it, with the elected representatives of the communes only endorsing key decisions. These structures have been left untouched by the Chevènement law, and they are on the decline. Today about 90 percent of communes and departments are exactly the same as those designed at the time of the French Revolution more than 200 years ago, with the same limits. In many areas, rich communes have joined with other rich communes and have refused to let in poorer communes, for fear that their citizens would be overtaxed to the benefit of poorer suburbs. Le nombre de communes en France, est en fréquente modification, généralement à la baisse, du fait des fusions et scissions de communes. Since the PLM Law of 1982, three French communes also have a special status in that they are further divided into municipal arrondissements: these are Paris, Marseille, and Lyon. What the median population tells us is that the vast majority of the French communes only have a few hundred inhabitants; but there are also a small number of communes within much higher populations. This uniformity of status is a legacy of the French Revolution, which wanted to do away with the local idiosyncrasies and tremendous differences of status that existed in the kingdom of France. A parish was essentially a church, the houses around it (known as the village), and the cultivated land around the village. The rights and obligations of communes are governed by the Code général des collectivités territoriales (CGCT) which replaced the Code des communes (except for personnel matters) with the passage of the law of 21 February 1996 for legislation and decree number 2000-318 of 7 April 2000 for regulations.[10][11]. Par exemple, les enregistrements avec comme valeur "2018" dans le champ Année correspondent aux communes françaises existantes au 1er Janvier 2018. The whole territory of the French Republic is divided into communes; even uninhabited mountains or rain forests are dependent on a commune for their administration. One problem is that mergers reduce the number of available elected positions, and thus are not popular with local politicians. These abrupt changes profoundly alienated devout Catholics, and France soon was plunged into the throes of civil war, with the fervently religious regions of western France at its center. Other examples of retained names in the languages once spoken, or still spoken, on French territory: INSEE (Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques) gives numerical indexing codes to various entities in France, notably the communes (which do not coincide with postcodes). This is what the Chevènement law was concerned with, and it distinguished three structures with fiscal power: Apart from the above cases, the communes with the fewest inhabitants in the French Republic are: The largest commune of the French Republic is, The smallest commune of the French Republic is, In metropolitan France the largest commune is the commune of, The commune of the French Republic farthest away from Paris is the commune of, In continental France (i.e. Certains gentilés sont plus difficiles à mettre en relation avec la commune correspondante. They wanted to do away with all the peculiarities of the past and establish a perfect society, in which all and everything should be equal and set up according to reason, rather than by tradition or conservatism. Again this is a very small number, and here France stands absolutely apart in Europe, with the lowest communes' median population of all the European countries (communes in Switzerland or Rhineland-Palatinate may have a smaller surface area, as mentioned above, but they are more populated). Communities of communes are given the least money per inhabitant, whereas urban communities are given the most money per inhabitant, thus pushing communes to form more integrated communities where they have fewer powers, which they might otherwise have been loath to do if it were not for government money. However, in many places local feuds have arisen, and it was not possible to set up an intercommunal structure for the whole of the urban area: some communes refusing to take part in it, or even creating their own structure. L es départements et régions de France Evaluation n°1 : Leçons G1 et G2 (Sous mot de passe, merci de lire l’onglet « mot de passe en haut du blog) Communes de france - Base des codes postaux Ce jeu de données a été publié le 28 mai 2019 et mis à jour le 31 mai 2019 à l'initiative et sous la responsabilité de Mohamed BADAOUI Enrichissement du fichier fourni par la Poste avec les noms de régions, départements et commune en lettre minuscule ainsi que leurs codes INSEE respectifs. French law makes allowances for the vast differences in commune size in a number of areas of administrative law. On 14 July 1789, at the end of the afternoon, following the storming of the Bastille, the provost of the merchants of Paris, Jacques de Flesselles, was shot by the crowd on the steps of Paris City Hall. The biggest changes occurred in 1831, when the French Parliament re-established the principle of the election of municipal councils, and in 1837 when French communes were given legal "personality," being now considered legal entities with legal capacity. In recent years it has become increasingly common for communes to band together in intercommunal consortia for the provision of such services as refuse collection and water supply. The communes of France's overseas départements such as Réunion and French Guiana are large by French standards. Thus, in Europe, only Switzerland has as high a density of communes as France, and even there an extensive merger movement has started in the last 10 years. The size of the municipal council, the method of electing the municipal council, the maximum allowable pay of the mayor and deputy mayors, and municipal campaign finance limits (among other features) all depend on the population echelon into which a particular commune falls. It would take Napoleon I to re-establish peace in France, stabilize the new administrative system, and make it generally accepted by the population. Some say that, should government money transfers be stopped, many of these communities of communes would revert to their former status of syndicate, or simply completely disappear in places where there were no syndicates prior to the law.

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