Holdgate, Martin W., and Peter Edward Baker. From 25 January 1955 to mid-1956, Argentina maintained the summer station Teniente Esquivel at Ferguson Bay on the southeastern coast of Thule Island. time zone and map with current time in the largest cities. South Georgia was part of the disputed land claims between Argentina and the U.K. during the Falklands War in 1982. The territory gains income from landing charges and the sale of souvenirs. Country name: conventional long form: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands conventional short form: none Dependency status: overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina; administered from the Falkland Islands by a commissioner, who is concurrently governor of the Falkland Islands, representing Queen ELIZABETH II; Grytviken, formerly a whaling station on South Georgia… The South Sandwich Islands are a chain of smaller islands: Zavodovski Island, Leskov Island, Visokoi Island, Candlemass Island and Vindicatio… General description, Wikimedia Atlas of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Map of the Argentine claim over Islas Georgias del Sur y Sandwich del Sur, Live picture from the South Georgia webcam, Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom, South George and the South Sandwich Islands, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands&oldid=993214408, English-speaking countries and territories, Important Bird Areas of the British Overseas Territories, States and territories established in 1985, 1985 establishments in British Overseas Territories, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2014, Articles needing additional references from February 2015, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing additional references from July 2010, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Source 1: Globalbioclimatics/Salvador Rivas-Martínez, Source 2: DMI/Danish Meteorology Institute (sun, humidity, and precipitation days 1931–1960). While three stayed at the coast, Shackleton and the two others, Tom Crean and Frank Worsley, went on to cover 22 miles (35 km) over the spine of the mountainous island to reach help at Stromness whaling station. Sunshine, as with many South Atlantic Islands, is low, at a maximum of just 21.5%. The seas surrounding South Georgia are cold throughout the year due to the proximity of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. There are no native land mammals, though reindeer, brown rats and mice were introduced to South Georgia through human activities. [47], Reindeer were introduced to South Georgia in 1911 by Norwegian whalers for meat and for sport hunting. [38] In 2011, scientists instituted a four-year programme to entirely eradicate the rats and mice, in what would be by far the largest rodent eradication attempt in the world to date. The largest of these islands is the South Georgia Island. Mountain winds blow straight up the western side and straight down the eastern side of the mountains and become much warmer and drier due to the Föhn effect; this produces the most pleasant conditions when temperatures can occasionally rise over 20 Â°C (68 Â°F) on summer days. The UK Foreign Office manages the foreign relations of the territory. Charter yacht visits usually begin in the Falkland Islands, last between four and six weeks, and enable guests to visit remote harbours of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. Its snow covered peaks, blue glacier ice and emerald green bays are breathtaking sights. [12] The basis of this claim and of a later claim in 1938 to the South Sandwich Islands has been questioned. This region is located to the east of the southern tip of South America and north of Antarctica. South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) is a British Overseas Territory in the southern Atlantic Ocean.It is a remote and inhospitable collection of islands, consisting of South Georgia and a chain of smaller islands known as the South Sandwich Islands. Argentina claimed the South Sandwich Islands in 1938, and challenged British sovereignty in the Islands on several occasions. The South Sandwich Islands have no inhabitants today as they are prone to active volcanism. [52] On 23 February 2012, to protect marine biodiversity, the territory's government created the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Marine Protected Area – comprising 1.07 million km2 (410,000 sq mi). Geologically, the island consists of gneiss and argillaceous schists with occasional tuffs and other sedimentary layers from which fossils have been recovered. 1 2. Rats, brought to the island as stowaways on sealing and whaling ships in the late 18th century,[37] have caused much damage to native wildlife, destroying tens of millions of ground-nesting birds' eggs and chicks. "[42] In July 2013, the success of the main phase of the extermination of the rats, which took place in May that year, was announced. The word "South" was later added to distinguish them from the "Sandwich Islands", now known as the Hawaiian Islands. The constitution of the territory (adopted 3 October 1985), the manner in which its government is directed and the availability of judicial review were discussed in a series of litigations between 2001 and 2005 (see, in particular, Regina v. Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (Appellant) ex parte Quark Fishing Limited [2005] UKHL 57[27]). The South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited, though a permanently manned Argentine research station was located on Thule Island from 1976 to 1982 (for details, see § History above). [50] In respect to species, marine inhabitants endemic to this ecosystem outnumber and (in respect to biodiversity) surpass well-known regions such as the Galápagos or Ecuador. By Sundra Chelsea Atitwa on August 6 2018 in Environment. South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) is a British Overseas Territory in the southern Atlantic Ocean.It is a remote and inhospitable collection of islands, consisting of South Georgia and a chain of smaller islands known as the South Sandwich Islands. There are also about 125 species of moss, 85 of liverworts and 150 lichens, as well as about 50 species of macrofungi. He is buried at Grytviken. [48] The eradication began in 2013 with 3,500 reindeer killed. Captain Cook claimed South Georgia for Great Britain in 1775. The seven stations, all on the north coast with its sheltered harbours, were, from the west to east: The whaling stations' tryworks were unpleasant and dangerous places to work. [4] The island appeared as Roche Island on early maps. The local topography, however, also contributes significantly to the low insolation. In 1985, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands ceased to be administered as a Falkland Islands Dependency and became a separate territory. [57] In September 2013 the British Ministry of Defence purchased the ship outright. Continent. In February 2011, the authorities announced that due to the reindeer's detrimental effect on native species and the threat of their spreading to presently pristine areas, a complete cull would take place, leading to the eradication of reindeer from the island. With the end of the whaling industry, the stations were abandoned. South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) is a British overseas territory in the southern Atlantic Ocean. Travel may increase your chance of getting and spreading COVID-19. It was estimated that the theoretical sunshine exposure minus obstructions would be around 14% at Bird Island and 35% at King Edward Point – or, in hourly terms, ranging from around 650 hours in the west to 1,500 hours in the east. The South Sandwich Islands (Spanish: Islas Sandwich del Sur) comprise 11 mostly volcanic islands (excluding tiny satellite islands and offshore rocks), with some active volcanoes.They form an island arc running north-south in the region 56°18'–59°27'S, 26°23'–28°08'W, between about 350 miles (560 km) and 500 miles (800 km) southeast of South Georgia. The base at King Edward Point was expanded as a research facility in 1949/1950 by the British Antarctic Survey, which until 1962 was called the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey. South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) is a UK Overseas Territory, situated 800 miles SE of the Falkland Islands. Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands). [44] In June 2015 the eradication programme concluded, apparently successfully, with the island believed "very likely" to be rat free. The islands are host to a variety of endemic plant and animals species. The letters covered South Georgia, the South Orkneys, the South Shetlands, the South Sandwich Islands, and Graham Land. SGSSI have no indigenous residents. The Falklands War was precipitated on 19 March 1982 when a group of Argentinians (most of them Argentine Marines in mufti), posing as scrap-metal merchants, occupied the abandoned whaling station at Leith Harbour on South Georgia. South Georgia is 165 kilometres (103 mi) long and 35 kilometres (22 mi) wide and is by far the largest island in the territory. The islands remain an official British territory and are most famous as polar explorer Ernest Shackleton’s final resting place. [3], The island of South Georgia was first sighted in 1675 by Anthony de la Roché, a London merchant and (despite his French name) an Englishman. A permanent local British administration and resident magistrate exercised effective possession, enforcement of British law, and regulation of all economic, scientific, and other activities in the territory, which was then governed as the Falkland Islands Dependencies. 0 0. asseenfromoutside. Five Things to Do in the South Sandwich Islands. Lv 7. Winter minimum temperatures are typically about −5 °C (23 °F) and rarely dip below −10 °C (14 °F). This illustrates the effect the Allardyce range has in breaking up cloud cover. In 2001 the South Georgia government was cited by the Marine Stewardship Council for its sustainable Patagonian toothfish fishery, certifying that South Georgia met the MSC's environmental standards. As no permanent inhabitants live on the islands, no legislative council and no elections are needed. Among the commanding officers of the Argentine garrison was Alfredo Astiz, a captain in the Argentine Navy who was convicted years later of crimes against humanity committed during the Dirty War in Argentina. Stunningly beautiful and rugged, this island wildlife sanctuary, once visited, is not easily forgotten. The highest point in this islands region is the Mount Paget which is about 2,294m. They are islands in the South Atlantic Ocean. [32], South Georgia supports many sea birds, including albatross, a large colony of king penguins, Macaroni penguins[35] and penguins of various other species, along with petrels, prions, shags, skuas, gulls and terns. The territory was formed in 1985; previously it was governed as part of the Falkland Islands Dependencies. [21] Sea temperatures drop to 0 Â°C (32 Â°F) in late August and rise to around 4 Â°C (39.2 Â°F) only in early April. South Georgia/Sandwich Is. The name was chosen in honour of John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, First Lord of the Admiralty. Typical daily maximum temperatures in South Georgia at sea level are around 0 Â°C (32 Â°F) in winter (August) and 8 Â°C (46.4 Â°F) in summer (January). In 1775, an explorer, Captain James Cook named the South Georgia islands “the Isle of Georgia” honoring King George III of Britain. HMS Endurance, the Royal Navy ice-patrol ship, operated in the South Georgia area during part of most southern summer seasons until her near loss due to flooding in 2008. Map of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands & articles on flags, geography, history, statistics, disasters current events, and international relations. If you must travel: Before you travel, get tested with a viral test 1–3 days before your trip. South Georgia is 167. A handful of British naval vessels patrol the region, visiting South Georgia a few times each year and sometimes deploying small infantry patrols. Besides there existed a military command post in South Georgia until March 2001, when it was withdrawn. This gives the eastern side of South Georgia (leeward side) a more pleasant climate than the exposed western side. Fishing licences bring in millions of pounds a year, most of which is spent on fishery protection and research. The islands were tentatively named "Sandwich Land" by Cook, although he also commented that they might be a group of islands rather than a single body of land. They are also surrounded by sea ice from the middle of May to late November (even longer at their southern end). A reasonable issue policy (few sets of stamps are issued each year) along with attractive subject matter (especially whales) makes them popular with topical stamp collectors. All fisheries are regulated and managed in accordance with the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) system. The islands are spread over a land area of about 3,903 square kilometers. Flights by RAF C-130 Hercules and Vickers VC10 (replaced by Voyager) aircraft also occasionally patrol the territory. South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands are an overseas territory of the United Kingdom claimed by Argentina.They are in the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean.The territory was started in 1985, before that it was classed as part of the Falkland Islands.The islands do not have a native population, but in 2006 they had around 20 people on the islands. In total there are 26 species of vascular plant native to South Georgia; six species of grass, four rushes, a single sedge, six ferns, one clubmoss and nine small forbs. Grytviken. The main island of South Georgia is approximately 170 km long and between 2 and 40 km wide and occupies an area of 3,755 km2, more than half of which is permanently ice covered. Although its government is entirely directed by the UK Foreign Office, it was held that, since it was acting as an agent of the Crown in right of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands rather than in right of the UK, its decisions under that direction could not be challenged as if they were in law decisions of a UK government department;[clarification needed] thus the European Convention on Human Rights did not apply. There are only four genuine first day cover sets from 16 March 1982 in existence. The South Sandwich Islands are a chain of smaller islands: Zavodovski Island, Leskov Island, Visokoi Island, Candlemass Island and Vindication Island, Saunders Island, Bristol Island, Bellingshausen, Southern Thule, and the Cook Islands. Seal hunting at South Georgia began in 1786 and continued throughout the 19th century. A Royal Navy destroyer or frigate and a Royal Fleet Auxiliary vessel carry out the Atlantic Patrol Task (South) mission in the surrounding area. The financial secretary and attorney general of the territory are appointed ex officio similar appointments in the Falkland Islands' government. While the final decision on the fate of Endurance was pending, the Royal Navy chartered a Norwegian icebreaker, renamed HMS Protector, to act as replacement for three years. Westerly winds blow throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm—indeed, in 1963, 25% of winds were in the calm category at King Edward point, and the mean wind speed of around 8 knots (9.2 mph; 15 km/h) is around half that of the Falkland Islands. The certificate places limits on the timing and quantity of Patagonian toothfish that may be caught.[31]. The parts of the islands that are not permanently covered in snow or ice are part of the Scotia Sea Islands tundra ecoregion. What time is it? These islands lie about one thousand kilometers east of the islands of Falkland. [13] During the Second World War, the Royal Navy deployed an armed merchant vessel to patrol South Georgian and Antarctic waters against German raiders, along with two four-inch shore guns (still present) protecting Cumberland Bay and Stromness Bay, which were manned by volunteers from among the Norwegian whalers. The South Sandwich Islands are much colder than South Georgia, being farther south and more exposed to cold outbreaks from the Antarctic continent. Antarctica. The northernmost of the South Sandwich Islands form the Traversay Islands and Candlemas Islands groups, while the southernmost make up Southern Thule. Background. The island was recaptured by British forces on 25 April, in Operation Paraquet. South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the southern Atlantic Ocean. [5] The commercial Spanish ship León, operating out of Saint-Malo sighted it on 28 June or 29 June 1756.[6]. Tim Flannery wrote that its "putrid vapors [resembled] the pong of bad fish, manure, and a tanning works mixed together", and noted one bizarre peril: "A rotting whale could fill with gas to bursting, ejecting a fetus the size of a motor vehicle with sufficient force to kill a man."[9].

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